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Gentamicin protection assay
The gentamicin protection assay or survival assay or invasion assay is a method used in microbiology. It is used to quantify the ability of pathogenic bacteria to invade eukaryotic cells.
The assay is based on several observations made in the 1970s, in which the ability of internalized bacteria to avoid killing by antibiotics was reported. The assay started to be used in biological research in the early 1980s.
== Background and principle ==
Intracellular bacteria need to enter host cells (cells of the infected organism) in order to replicate and propagate infection. Many species of ''Shigella'' (causes bacillary dysentery), ''Salmonella'' (typhoid fever), ''Mycobacterium'' (leprosy and tuberculosis) and ''Listeria'' (listeriosis), to name but a few, are intracellular.
Several antibiotics cannot penetrate eukaryotic cells. Therefore, these antibiotics cannot hurt intracellular bacteria that are already internalized. Using such antibiotics enables us to differentiate between bacteria that succeed in penetrating eukaryotic cells and those that do not. Applying such an antibiotic to a culture of eukaryotic cells infected with bacteria would kill the bacteria that remain outside the cells while sparing the ones that penetrated. The antibiotic of choice for this assay is the aminoglycoside gentamicin.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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